Origins Of Economic Order Quantity Formula Engineering Essay

Roots Of Economic Order Quantity Formula Engineering Essay The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is the measure of units that a business should place in to the stock to decrease the all out expenses of stock. For example, requesting costs, holding expenses and lack costs. The model was created by F. W. Harris in 1913, yet R. H. Wilson, an expert who applied it widely, is given acknowledgment for his ahead of schedule top to bottom investigation of it. The layout used to decide EOQ is known as the Wilson Formula or the Wilson EOQ Model. The EOQ is utilized to screen the degree of stock consistently; it very well may be called as a stock audit framework. Also, a fixed amount of units is requested each time the degree of stock gets to a particular reorder point. The EOQ is a model of assessing the appropriate reorder point and the most good reorder amount to guarantee the prompt topping off of stock with no deficiencies. This model is significant for little organization proprietors who need to realize how much stock to keep, what number of units to arrange when requesting parts, the measure of units to arrange each time, and every now and again to reorder to get the most reduced expenses. Additionally, requesting a major measure of units a period will build the holding expenses of a private company, while making all the more frequently requests of littler measure of units will diminish the holding expenses and increment the request costs. The EOQ model will see the sum as requested to limit these expenses and requesting the most financially savvy amount. The EOQ model accepts the interest as consistent, and the stock is diminished at a fixed rate to arrive at zero. At the point when the level gets the chance to zero, a specific measure of units and carry the stock level to its underlying level. Different surveys have been talked about in early EOQ papers yet a significant part of the historical backdrop of this model has been left immaculate. For instance, Raymond 1931, Whitin 1954 and Mennell 1961. All the references given to Harriss paper was off base, it appears that no one has had the option to discover the paper. The mistaken reference given by Raymond 1931 shows the removal of the first model. The primary legitimate reference of Harriss model was by Whitin 1954 who references Harris through a reference given in Raymonds work. A pursuit of the Social Sciences Citation Index from 1966 through 1987 yielded 15 references to Harriss paper, and each reference took after that given by Raymond. The factors utilized in the EOQ recipe examination The expenses of stock Reorder cost (RC) Unit cost (UC) Holding cost (HC) Deficiency cost (SC) Request (D) Request amount (Q) Process duration (T) The three stages taken in the determination of EOQ recipe: First assess the all out expense of a stock cycle At that point partition the incentive by the cycle length which will bring about expense per unit time. Limiting the expense per unit time Induction of EOQ equation Measure of stock entering the cycle = measure of stock leaving the cycle à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ Q = D ÃÆ'-T Absolute expense per cycle = unit cost + reorder cost + holding cost (part) Absolute expense per cycle = UC + RC + HC (part) Presently figure every component of the all out expense independently Unit cost segment = Unit cost (UC) ÃÆ'-Number of parts requested (Q) Unit cost segment = UC ÃÆ'-Q Reorder cost segment = Reorder cost (RC) ÃÆ'-Number of requests made (1) Reorder cost segment = RC Holding cost segment = Holding cost (HC) ÃÆ'-Average stock () ÃÆ'-Time taken (T) Holding cost part = Presently add these segments together to get the complete expense per cycle: All out expense per cycle = UC + RC + HC (part) All out expense per cycle = + RC + Finding the complete expense per cycle is the initial step of the determination. Presently partition the all out expense by the process duration (T) to get the complete expense per unit time (TC). All out expense per unit time (TC) = + However, Q = D ÃÆ'-T à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ D = or T = Subbing this in the complete expense per unit time (TC) All out expense per unit time (TC) = UC ÃÆ'-D + The third step is to limit the all out expense per unit time. The subsidiary of the absolute expense per unit time (TC) regarding Q and make the outcome equivalent to zero. = + = 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ’ EOQ = Constraints to EOQ Formula Accept that requesting and conveying costs are precisely known. It takes the Storage space as boundless. Disregards the conveyance amounts and limits given. Accept that the vender controls the conveyance planning. The outcomes are continually conveying various stocks. Cost structures have changed. For example, the requesting costs have been diminished by internet business. Part b The writing on utilizing monetary request amount (EOQ) and in the nick of time (JIT) buying have picked JIT over the most recent couple of years, specifically when organizations are buying to meet high and steady degrees of interest, where the JIT strategy have the benefit of lessening the stock space (Per square meter) of the firm. Then again, regardless of whether JIT strategy can diminish the stock space of the organization, EOQ can be more financially savvy. Chiefly, JIT is utilized when the proportion of holding expenses to requesting costs turns out to be high to the point that it gets important to arrange varying. This occurs if the holding expenses of stock are high (Computer industry) that the proportion turns out to be high which prompts the utilization of JIT. Likewise, when the requesting costs is modest which brings about high proportion and the utilization of JIT is increasingly proficient. In the two cases the EOQ makes organizations use JIT since the amount that is mo st practical is little to such an extent that cash reserve funds can be accomplished by requesting little clumps utilizing JIT technique. The execution of JIT technique have improved numerous organizations that despite everything use EOQ buying framework to consider changing to JIT buying strategy. Without a moment to spare technique JIT (otherwise called stockless creation or lean creation) implies delivering just what is required, when is required and in the sum is required. JIT organizations store just enough stock to fabricate the merchandise they need to create sooner rather than later. Units are requested on a persistent premise, which are moved straight into the mechanical production system. The advantages of JIT technique is to lessen stock levels, diminished leadtime, improve quality and decreased waste and adjust. The fundamental target of this strategy is to take out waste and persistent improvement of efficiency. Squander result subsequently from any movement which includes cost without expanding esteem. JIT buying of parts is totally not quite the same as conventional buying of parts. Conventional buying is by spreading buys around and attempting to keep up a significant level of stock if there should arise an occurrence of any ascent sought after or nature of provider diminished out of the blue. In any case, JIT buying empowers the provider to convey excellent items relying upon request and in an ideal manner. Quality is hardest standard for providers to meet, where the JIT buyer should manage organizations that give measurable investigation to affirm the high caliber of items. Then again, for the provider to create on-time conveyances, it is simpler for the provider to be in a similar geographic district as the client. Thusly the provider can undoubtedly respond to any unforeseen change popular and it costs less to make visit conveyances whenever required. JIT works on 3 things: Constant stream Takt time Pull framework Takt time is an ideal opportunity to deliver a solitary part or whole item, in view of deals. As it were it sets the speed of creation to meet the speed of deals. The kanban or pull framework is a strategy to deal with the without a moment to spare creation process. The without a moment to spare strategy is accomplished utilizing kanban framework. It is a data framework to control the creation sum in each procedure. The accompanying procedures go to going before procedures and take what is required. Be that as it may, going before forms must restock what is removed. Figure 2 (Kanban framework) There are 2 primary sorts of kanban framework (appeared in figure 2): Creation kanban: Signals to deliver more parts. Withdrawal kanban (move kanban): Signals to take parts from one work community and send them to the following work place. Focal points of JIT technique The nature of items is improved. Quality is the duty of all the staff not just the quality control laborers. Process durations are decreased. Scrap and modify are decreased. Set up times are diminished. Cost investment funds. Less stock degree of crude materials and completed products which reduction cost of holding them. Increasingly talented specialists who can switch errands. Efficiency is expanded. Higher laborers inclusion Less space necessities Smoother creation stream Better associations with providers. Advantages of utilizing the kanban framework: Better oversaw stock levels: Having an excess of stock levels can cause income issues by expanding the costs on protection, stockpiling and security. The kanban framework disposes of every one of these expenses by bringing down the degree of stock. Smoother fabricating stream: The kanban framework centers around the current state of the framework. The creation levels are resolved to consider scrap, vacation and the difference in hardware extra time to ensure that the creation plan is accomplished. Overproduction disposal: kanban is less expected to cause overproduction this in light of the fact that the need to make cradle stock to address unforeseen deferrals. Diminishing the danger of Inventory out of date quality: Products have a time span of usability where it can lapse on the off chance that it isn't conveyed on schedule. Responsiveness to request: One of the principle favorable circumstances of kanban framework is that it improves responsiveness in relationship to change popular. Strengthening: Another favorable position of kanban framework that it puts the control in the possession of laborers that can see the creation procedure. Strengthening is a productive administrative apparatus which fortifies preparing and instruction among representatives. Quality control and self-control: The last favorable position to kanban framework is its motivation to make a situation with quality administration. Kanban framework employments

Radiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Radiography - Essay Example Simultaneously, missing a menstrual period could trigger a sign that a lady is pregnant. In the interim, origination can happen anyplace after the tenth day of pregnancy (Russell JR, et al. 1997), making x-beam and radiography methodology liable to correspond with early origination whenever taken before the following beginning of monthly cycle, when a missed period could connote pregnancy. Radiation security stay significant in pregnancy, realizing that when generous portions of ~10 rem are taken on pregnant ladies, this can cause birth imperfections and distortions (Health Physics Society, 2014). The 10 days rule accordingly comes in as a significant procedure or method that is utilized to ensure the security of early babies against any potential harms. Assessments relating to the pelvic and stomach zones consequently have the 10 days rule applying to however in instances of lower leg and hand assessments, the 10 days rule might be excluded given to the way that there is moderately less hazard here. In a modernized framework, radiographers have taken to the utilization of interventional radiological assessments that accompany restorative applications rather than standard activities (Queen Mary Hospital, 2007). The 28 days rule in radiography is another type of defensive guideline utilized in radiography methodology to ensure the wellbeing of possibly pregnant ladies from undue introduction. This is a standard that can be said to have come to supplant the 10 days rule in radiography as the 10 days rules appeared to have a few degrees of irregularities with the distinguishing proof of pregnancies (Royal College of Radiologists, 2012). With the 28 days rule, the accentuation is on a menstrual period that is past due. This implies there is no beauty period permitted in this case. Yet, in front of the utilization of the 28 days rule, the radiographer will inquire as to whether she has any

International System of Measurement (SI)

Universal System of Measurement (SI) The decimal measuring standard was created at the hour of the French Revolution, with principles set for the meter and kilogram on June 22, 1799. The decimal standard for measuring was a rich decimal framework, where units of like kind were characterized by the influence of ten. The level of division was moderately direct, as the different units were named with preludes demonstrating the request for greatness of the partition. Subsequently, 1 kilogram was 1,000 grams, since kilo-represents 1,000. Rather than the English System, wherein 1 mile is 5,280 feet and 1 gallon is 16 cups (or 1,229 measures or 102.48 jiggers), the decimal measuring standard had clear intrigue to researchers. In 1832, the physicist Karl Friedrich Gauss advanced the decimal standard vigorously and utilized it in his authoritative work in electromagnetics. Formalizing Measurement The British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS) started during the 1860s systematizing the requirement for an intelligible arrangement of estimation inside mainstream researchers. In 1874, the BAAS presented the cgs (centimeter-gram-second) arrangement of estimations. The cgs framework utilized the centimeter, gram, and second as base units, with different qualities got from those three base units. The cgs estimation for the attractive field was the gauss, because of Gauss prior work regarding the matter. In 1875, a uniform meter show was presented. There was a general pattern during this opportunity to ensure that units were pragmatic for their utilization in the applicable logical controls. The cgs framework had a few defects of scale, particularly in the field of electromagnetics, so new units, for example, the ampere (for electrical flow), ohm (for electrical opposition), and volt (for electromotive power) were presented during the 1880s. In 1889, the framework progressed, under the General Convention of Weights and Measures (or CGPM, the condensing of the French name), to have new base units of meter, kilogram, and second. It was recommended beginning in 1901 that presenting new base units, for example, for electrical charge, could finish the framework. In 1954, the ampere, the Kelvin (for temperature), and the candela (for glowing power) were included as base units. The CGPM renamed it to the International System of Measurement (or SI, from the French Systeme International) in 1960. From that point forward, the mole was included as the base sum for substance in 1974, in this way carrying the all out base units to seven and finishing the advanced SI unit framework. SI Base Units The SI unit framework comprises of seven base units, with various different units got from those establishments. The following are the base SI units, alongside their exact definitions, indicating why it took such a long time to characterize some of them. meter (m) - The base unit of length; dictated by the length of the way went by light in a vacuum during a period interim of 1/299,792,458 of a second.kilogram (kg) - The base unit of mass; equivalent to the mass of the universal model of the kilogram (charged by the CGPM in 1889).second (s) - The base unit of time; span of 9,192,631,770 times of the radiation comparing to the progress between the two hyperfine degrees of the ground state in the cesium 133 atoms.ampere (A) - The base unit of electrical flow; a consistent ebb and flow which, whenever kept up in two straight equal conduits of vast length, of immaterial circuit cross-segment, and put 1 meter separated in vacuum, would deliver between these channels a power equivalent to 2 x 10-7 newtons for each meter of length.Kelvin(degrees K) - The base unit of thermodynamic temperature; the division 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple purpose of water (the triple point is the point in a stage graph where three sta ges coincide in balance). mole (mol) - The base unit of substance; the measure of substance of a framework which contains the same number of basic elements as there are iotas in 0.012 kilograms of carbon 12. At the point when the mole is utilized, the rudimentary substances must be determined and might be iotas, atoms, particles, electrons, different particles, or indicated gatherings of such particles.candela (compact disc) - The base unit of glowing force; the brilliant power, in a provided guidance, of a source that produces monochromatic radiation of recurrence 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a brilliant force toward that path of 1/683 watt for each steradian. SI Derived Units From these base units, numerous different units are inferred. For instance, the SI unit for speed is m/s (meter every second), utilizing the base unit of length and the base unit of time to decide the length went over a given timeframe. Posting the entirety of the determined units here would be unreasonable, yet as a rule, when a term is characterized, the significant SI units will be presented alongside them. In the event that searching for a unit that isnt characterized, look at the National Institute of Standards Technologys SI Units page. Altered by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Research Essay Topics For College - Research Essay Tips to Help You Save Time

Research Essay Topics For College - Research Essay Tips to Help You Save TimeAs you begin writing your research essay, keep in mind that research essay topics for college are among the most important elements of the composition. They will form the backbone of your essay and help you ensure a high level of quality, which will influence the way your essay is viewed by the school officials.Research essay topics for college should be related to your major. If you are majoring in accounting, then you will need to make sure that your essay is not too dry. For example, if you major in finance, you would be writing about financial transaction management (or especially securities law).If you're considering essays as your major, you might want to write an essay on the idea behind these fields. This will give you an overview of how these subjects can affect your future. In addition, you will have to think about the factors which have caused the necessity of these fields in your future. Since th is is a research essay, the topic will be very important since you will want to communicate the reasons why you chose your field of study and what it has brought to you.In terms of research essay topics for college, one of the best is from environmental science, as it deals with the natural world and how we can use it to our advantage. It should also describe the ways in which you use the natural world to make decisions in society and industry.If you were studying in a related subject, it would be an excellent idea to bring up the fact that you're using nature to your advantage. Your essay would then be more convincing, since you would then explain why you are using nature's resources as a resource to your advantage and not the other way around.Also, make sure that your research essay contains facts that you feel may sway the opinion of your potential university tends. If you need to portray a positive image of your school, you must make sure that your essay mentions facts that supp ort this aspect of your choice of school.Remember that you can combine any two of the research essay topics for college that you choose. In some cases, the same type of topic can form the basis of a separate research essay. Just make sure that you keep all the information presented in a clear and organized manner.

The Politics Of The American Political System Essay

The American political system is always susceptible to change. In recent decades, the United States has experienced an increase in political polarization between the two parties. These extreme views resonate with the Americans that sit at the tips of the ideological spectrum, but the majority of people have more moderate ideologies. Most fall in between the two extremes, holding different combinations of social and economic values that make it difficult to place each person on the traditional linear spectrum. To further analyze voters, a political typology of the United States can be conducted, which further sorts voters into more connected groups based on their attitudes and values. This data has proven to be crucial for political parties when determining what policies to include in their platform, because recent general elections have revealed that the undecided vote plays a large role in determining the winner. 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The Despicable Way We Feel About the Homeless Population

As New Yorkers, we have seen the all too familiar sight of homelessness and those who are affected by it on a daily basis. We see homeless people sleeping on the subway cars, on park benches, on dirty pavements, begging for food and money, pushing carts with garbage, dragging around the little they have everywhere they go. They are the panhandlers, the mentally ill, the uneducated and unmotivated who fell through the cracks, the substance abusers, societys filth, and the bottom of the barrel. This is our perception of the homeless. Notice how none of these ideologies are positive. It’s time we change our perception. We need to learn to see the people who are living under these conditions as people first and not judge or ignore them because of their appearances. In order to do this we have to decrease the stigma associated with being homeless and become more compassionate towards those who experience homelessness. In seems like we have a love/hate relationship with the homeless. At times, we may choose to help a homeless person in need but most of the time we turn a blind eye because it is a common phenomenon. Sometimes we give a homeless person our chump change when we feel sorry for them or we may even provide them with a meal, or perhaps give them a blanket or a coat, or provide shelter when possible. But in most cases, we find them repulsive or lack a better understanding of why they are in these situations, or simply don’t care to understand why. Instead we wish theyShow MoreRelatedJonathan Kozols Amazing Grace Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesTodays world is filled with both great tragedy and abundant joy. In a densely populated metropolis like New York City, on a quick walk down a street you encounter homeless people walking among the most prosperous. Unfortunately, nine times out of ten the prosperous person will trudge straight past the one in need without a second thought. A ser ious problem arises when this happens continually. The problem worsens when you enter a different neighborhood and the well-to-do are far from sight. ManyRead MoreDiscrimination Against Gay Discrimination1779 Words   |  8 Pagesaffected, families are ripped apart, communities are devastated, and legal discrimination runs unbound. While LGBTQ people may be the recipients of this persecution, they are hardly the only ones affected by it. This discrimination permeates society in a way that affects all of us as a whole. Until recently the right of the LGBTQ people (history) In most religions homosexuality is not spoken of, but recently gay marriage has been an emerging topic within religious groups. Different religions around theRead MoreHumans: The Worlds Most Social Animal Essay1993 Words   |  8 PagesAs humans we believe that in all of the world there is no creature superior to us. We believe that our capabilities of coherent thought makes us masters of the earth. The issue with that mentality is that we don’t recognize our flaws and fallacies. We begin trying to decide which type of human is superior, creating divides amongst ourselves, to the point where we are almost no better than the animals we look down upon. Always, in these ever changing situations, will there be leaders. The â€Å"top ofRead MoreRelationship Between Prison And Prison3237 Words   |  13 Pagescomparable to each other. It is believed that the subculture developed in order for inmates to cope with being locked up for years at a time. When an inmate enters a new prison or even their first prison it is not the guards that they have to worry about, it is the other inmates. This is where the word â€Å"prisonization† comes in meaning that the inmate will learn the subculture of the prison that they are in (Prison: 2015). Within hours/days of arriving at their new cell the new inmates might be taken

Otc Market in Bangladesh free essay sample

Those companies (Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Cisco, Oracle, and Dell, to name a few) used the capital raised on The NASDAQ Stock Market to make the cutting edge products that are now integral to our daily lives. These companies have also created millions of jobs around the world along the way. Today, the NASDAQ OMX Group owns and operates 24 markets, 3 clearing houses, and 5 central securities depositories, spanning six continentsmaking us the world’s largest exchange company. Eighteen of our 24 markets trade equities. The other six trade options, derivatives, fixed income, and commodities. We are the largest single liquidity pool for US equities and the power behind 1 in 10 of the world’s securities transactions. Seventy exchanges in 50 countries trust our trading technology to power their markets, driving growth in emerging and developed economies. NASDAQ OMX on the Issues NASDAQ OMX employs a full staff of Government Relations professionals, Economists and Legal experts to deploy any given issue or public policy challenge anywhere in the world. We have a strong history of working on the issues that affect public companies, having fought alongside our companies on issues such as stock option accounting, SOX 404, H1B Visa Reform, lawsuit reform, taxes and many others. Cyber Security How to ensure that America’s public and private critical infrastructure is protected from criminal, state-sponsored and terrorist factions known to probe corporate and government systems? NASDAQ OMX is engaged on these issues directly and through interaction with the U. S. Chamber, Tech Net, the Business Roundtable and various government agencies. Innovation Agenda Access to Capital, Reduced Friction for Entrepreneurs and Pro-jobs Tax Policy Key to a Robust American Economy. Corporate Governance NASDAQ OMX Supports High Standards and Balancing the Interest of Both Short and Long-Term Shareholders. Tax Policy NASDAQ OMX believes that tax policies, that promote job creation, fair competition and efficient access to capital are both positive for the short and long term health of the U. S. and world economy. International Trade Policy NASDAQ OMX Opposes Protectionism and Supports Opening New Markets. Recent Accomplishments The Dodd-Frank Act SOX 404: Working with the Biotechnology Industry Association (BIO), the technology industry and others that were members of a broad coalition of businesses, NASDAQ OMX supported provisions to provide a complete exemption from SOX 404(b) for smaller companies. Derivatives: From start to finish NASDAQ OMX supported two common sense approaches to the regulation of derivatives requiring the clearing and trading of only standardized derivatives, and a functional exemption for corporate end-users. SEC rulemaking reform: NASDAQ OMX worked with a coalition of exchanges to include important reforms to how the Securities and Exchange Commission evaluates our rule proposals. Litigation threats: NASDAQ OMX worked with the Chamber of Commerce and others to fight-off attempts to reverse the important Stoneridge v. Scientific-Atlanta case. Executive comp. / corporate governance: NASDAQ OMX worked with a broad coalition to ensure that corporate governance provisions of the bill were workable and did not tip the balance between shareholder, management and directors’ influence. Markets Equities: We own 10 equities markets around the world. As the largest single liquidity pool for U. S. equities, our U. S. markets – The NASDAQ Stock Market, BX, PSX offer 3 models. Our 7 European equities markets allow efficient cross-border trading, settlement and membership through one platform. Options, Derivatives, Fixed Income: We operate two U. S. options markets that represent 25% of the total U. S. equity options trading. PHLX offers a traditional floor with a pro-rata electronic allocation model and the NASDAQ Options Market allocates orders on a first-come, first-serve basis for high-frequency traders. One of the Top 5 European bond markets, the entire European fixed income market sets prices with our full pricing transparency. Trading nearly 600,000 contracts per day, we are the third largest European derivatives exchange. Commodities: In Europe, we were the first exchange in the world to list carbon allowances (EUA) and carbon credits (CER) and now are one of Europe’s largest markets for carbon trading. Our Nordic power market is a global benchmark with more than double the trading volumes than the #2 European power exchanges. We created a new UK power market in co-operation with market participants called N2EX. In the U. S. , we offer clearing solutions to the most important grids: ERCOT in TX; PJM in PA, NJ, MD; and CAISO in CA. Clearing: In the U. S. , we offer central counterparty clearing of OTC Interest Rate Derivatives through a tried and tested futures solution, clearing as a swap or a future. Our European clearing has 91 members and complies with international â€Å"best practice† recommendations. Our Derivatives Market allows clearing for a variety of OTC-traded derivatives differing on terms or conditions from exchange- and clearing-listed instruments. We are the only clearinghouse to offer Nordic Fixed Income instruments clearing. Listings Preferred Listings: We are the market of choice for 2 of the 3 largest U. S. companies, 3 of the top 5 of Fortune’s most admired brands, and 7 of Fortunes top 10 Fastest Growing Companies. The NASDAQ Stock Market gives listed companies global visibility, access to investors worldwide, and the fastest trading platform in the world. Plus, we’re not just a listing market. This is the first and only exchange company dedicated to owning and operating business solutions. We help public and private companies minimize risk, maximize efficiency, and increase transparency. We even provide Corporate Solutions packages to other exchanges around the globe to offer to their listed companies. Innovative Companies: Representing all industry sectors, our listings are known as the game changers— those who adhere to innovation and progress. In a recent survey of C-level executives, 71% said that NASDAQ is the exchange for innovation. It is also a brand with tremendous global reach. Many Chinese companies, for example, are choosing our market as their channel to U.S. capital and investment. World’s largest and leading industry sectors: * IT $1. 8 trillion market value * Biotech $240 billion market value * Green $121 billion market value * European Fashion, Machinery and Paper Products Trading NASDAQ OMX comprehensive trading solutions support everything from traditional equities and fixed income instruments to more complex derivatives in one integ rated system, and can simultaneously handle several asset classes, such as currencies, different fixed income instruments and commodities. Our pre-trade risk management service offers marketplaces proven, integrated risk control. Existing Gonium INET trading and X-stream customers can add the pre-trade risk management functions without changing protocols for market access. We pioneered the world’s first integrated derivatives trading and clearing system and continue to set new standards in exchange trading technology. Examples of features include: * Sub-40 microsecond latency * Capacity greater than one million quotes per second * Seamless integration to clearing * Multi-asset class trading on a single platform Robust functionality Over the Counter (OTC) Market A decentralized market of securities not listed on an exchange where market participants trade over the telephone, facsimile or electronic network instead of a physical trading floor. There is no central exchange or meeting place for this market. Also referred to as the OTC market. Benefits of Listing in the OTC * Companies with small and medium paid-up ca pital get opportunity of trading their shares in Stock Exchange * Favorable issue cost for entrepreneurs.